Which statement about informed consent is true?

• A. Informed consent is optional for routine procedures.
• B. Informed consent requires that the patient understands risks and alternatives.
• C. Informed consent is only about costs.
• D. Informed consent can be obtained without patient involvement.

Answer: (B)

Informed consent centers on patient autonomy and meaningful participation in care decisions. The essential requirement is that the patient understands what is proposed, including the risks, benefits, and reasonable alternatives, so they can decide whether to proceed. Costs may be discussed, but they are not the defining element; the core is understanding and voluntary agreement. Informed consent must involve the patient and cannot be obtained without the patient’s involvement or comprehension, and it is not optional for routine procedures.